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: The study highlights improved lifespan for concrete structures exposed to harsh conditions, such as coastal or industrial environments.

Recent literature reviews, such as those found in MDPI's Buildings and Emerald Insight , place Article 118229 within a larger movement toward "smart" and "multifunctional" construction materials. 118229

: The research demonstrates that applying GO to the surface of concrete creates a barrier that significantly reduces the penetration of harmful substances like water and chloride ions. Key Benefits : : The study highlights improved lifespan for concrete