While a federal holiday was not immediately established, several states took the lead in the early 1900s:
The journey of American Indian Day—the precursor to today’s National Native American Heritage Month —is a century-long story of advocacy, from solo horseback rides to federal proclamations. Initially conceived as a single day of recognition, it has evolved into a nationwide celebration of Indigenous cultures and resilience. The Pioneers of Recognition american indian day
The focus eventually shifted from a single day to a week, and finally a month, to provide a broader platform for education and celebration. National Native American Heritage Month: November 2025 While a federal holiday was not immediately established,
Enacted legislation to celebrate the day on the fourth Friday in September. and finally a month
As president of the Society of American Indians, Coolidge issued a formal proclamation in 1915 declaring the second Sunday of May as American Indian Day.
The drive for a formal holiday began in the early 20th century, led by Indigenous activists who sought both cultural recognition and legal citizenship for Native Americans.