A drop in arterial oxygen saturation when moving from a supine to an upright position.
Increased shortness of breath when sitting or standing compared to lying flat.
A comprehensive update on HPS management and pathogenesis can be downloaded as a PDF from JHEP Reports .
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious pulmonary vascular complication that develops in patients with chronic liver disease or portal hypertension. It is defined by a classic triad: liver dysfunction, intrapulmonary vascular dilatations (IPVDs), and impaired arterial oxygenation.
Shortness of breath, particularly during physical exertion.
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