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Based on the VICE News podcast/series "Chapo: Kingpin on Trial" (specifically Episode 3, which appears to align with a thematic "report" structure on this topic), Report: "Chapo" — Episode 3: The Federation

Following the 1989 downfall of Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo ("El Padrino"), Mexican drug trafficking underwent a major restructuring. Instead of one monolithic organization, trafficking fragmented into regional groups. El_chapo_1x03

Details are provided regarding El Chapo’s first capture in Guatemala. Based on the VICE News podcast/series "Chapo: Kingpin

The episode highlights the 1993 assassination of Cardinal Juan Jesus Posadas Ocampo, a major violent incident in Guadalajara. El_chapo_1x03

The rise of The Federation under leaders like El Chapo brought immense violence, often outpacing civilian deaths in conflict zones like Iraq and Afghanistan during the same period.