: A system of tubes and valves—like the Mapleson or Circle systems—that delivers gases and removes exhaled carbon dioxide ( CO2cap C cap O sub 2

: Acts as "external lungs" to maintain respiratory rate and volume for deeply anesthetized patients. Safety Features & Monitoring

: Tracks heart rate and rhythm for signs of ischemia.

: Automatically cuts off the flow of nitrous oxide if the oxygen supply pressure drops.

: Connects to piped medical gases (Oxygen, Air, Nitrous Oxide) or reserve cylinders via a Pin Index Safety System (PISS) to prevent incorrect gas connections.

: Individually calibrated glass tubes that measure and indicate the specific flow rate of each gas in litres per minute.