Towards the end of the century, a group of young, Western-educated officers and intellectuals—the —emerged. They advocated for a constitutional monarchy and more radical modernization to prevent the total collapse of the state. Key Vocabulary for This Section Sultan : The supreme ruler of the Ottoman Empire.
: Modernize the army, improve the legal system, and grant equal rights to all subjects regardless of religion.
: Britain and France often supported the Ottoman Empire to prevent Russia from becoming too powerful in the region. 3. Attempts at Reform: The Tanzimat Towards the end of the century, a group
Below is a structured summary of the key themes and events discussed in this section of the curriculum. Overview of Paragraph 26: The Decline of the Ottoman Empire
: Ethnic and religious groups within the empire—particularly in the Balkans (Greeks, Serbs, Bulgarians)—began revolting to seek independence from Turkish rule. : Modernize the army, improve the legal system,
: The international issue of what to do with the Ottoman Empire's land as it weakened.
This term refers to the diplomatic and military competition between European powers (Russia, Britain, France, and Austria) over the fate of the Ottoman territories. Attempts at Reform: The Tanzimat Below is a
: The empire struggled to compete with the industrializing West, leading to a heavy reliance on foreign loans. 2. The "Eastern Question"