: Anatomy of the digestive tract, functions of digestive glands, and the process of nutrient absorption.

: Structure and function of the kidneys and urinary tract.

: Open-ended questions requiring a detailed written explanation. Biology Studies in Russian Schools - The Distant Reader

: Structure of respiratory organs, gas exchange in lungs and tissues, and respiratory hygiene.

: Structure and function of the skeleton, types of bones, joint connections, and the muscular system.

: Multiple-choice questions requiring the selection of one correct answer.

The following modules represent the standard curriculum for 8th-grade biology and are most frequently included in GIA-style tests:

: Complex tasks, such as selecting multiple correct answers, matching terms to definitions, or sequencing biological processes.