Race And Slavery In The Middle East: An Histori... 【2026 Update】

: Until the early 20th century, slaves included both white Europeans (such as Slavs and Circassians) and black Africans.

: Lewis argues that Westerners often idealized Islamic slavery to criticize American practices, but he presents evidence that racial prejudice—specifically against black Africans—was present in Middle Eastern society despite Islamic teachings of equality. Unique Features of Middle Eastern Slavery : Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Histori...

In his 1990 work, renowned historian Bernard Lewis explores the complex social structures of the Middle East, specifically debunking the myth that the region was a "racial utopia". Core Arguments & Themes : Until the early 20th century, slaves included

: Islam restricted the methods of enslavement and encouraged the manumission (freeing) of slaves. Core Arguments & Themes : Islam restricted the

: Lewis addresses why there are relatively few descendants of African slaves in the Middle East today compared to the Americas. He attributes this to high mortality rates, low birth rates, and the frequent castration of male slaves. Critical Reception