Typically power MOSFETs or BJTs that perform the rapid switching.
Different circuit configurations, or topologies, are used based on the desired output:
Steps up the input voltage to a higher output level. Switch-Mode Power Supplies
The primary function of an SMPS is to transfer power from a source (AC or DC) to a load while regulating voltage and current. The process generally follows these steps:
Capable of either increasing or decreasing voltage. Typically power MOSFETs or BJTs that perform the
Includes Flyback and Forward converters, which use transformers to provide electrical isolation between input and output. 4. Comparative Analysis Switch-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Linear Power Supply Efficiency High (75% to 98-99%) Low (25% to 50%) Size & Weight Compact and lightweight due to high-frequency components Large and heavy due to low-frequency transformers Heat Dissipation Low; remains cooler during operation High; requires significant heat sinking Noise & Ripple Higher electrical noise (EMI) and output ripple Very low noise and high stability Complexity High; requires specialized design and PCB layout Low; simpler circuit design 5. Key Components
A "chopper" (switching transistor) converts the DC voltage into a high-frequency pulse train. The process generally follows these steps: Capable of
Energy is stored in reactive components like inductors and capacitors during the "on" cycle and released to the load during the "off" cycle.