Observation, bracing (Philadelphia collars), or halo vest immobilization.

Non-traumatic subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint following an upper respiratory infection or ENT surgery.

Management of odontoid fractures or atlanto-occipital dissociation. 4. Inflammatory and Infectious Conditions

Briefly explain how a child’s spine differs from an adult’s (e.g., increased ligamentous laxity, shallow facet joints, and the presence of growth plates).