The Reconstruction Of Nations: Poland, Ukraine,... -

Post-1945 state interests, the 1989 transition, and entry into NATO and the EU .

The book traces how this inclusive identity was replaced in the 19th and 20th centuries by rival ethnic nationalisms , often leading to extreme violence and ethnic cleansing . The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine,...

Detailed accounts of massacres in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia, and forced migrations like Operation Vistula. Post-1945 state interests, the 1989 transition, and entry

The creation of the multiethnic Commonwealth. Post-1945 state interests

Snyder argues that early modern nationhood in the Commonwealth was based on political citizenship and shared noble status , rather than language or ethnicity.